| Vologodsky District (English) Вологодский район (Russian) |
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Location of Vologodsky District on the map of Vologda Oblast |
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| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Vologda Oblast[1] |
| Administrative center | town of Vologda[2] |
| # of cities/towns | 1[2] |
| # of urban-type settlements | 0[2] |
| # of selsoviets | 23[2] |
| Municipal status (as of May 2010) | |
| Municipally incorporated as | Kirillovsky Municipal District[3] |
| - # of urban settlements | 0[3] |
| - # of rural settlements | 12[3] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 4,500 km2 (1,700 sq mi)[4] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
50,439 inhabitants[5] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 50,956 inhabitants[6] |
| - Urban population | 00% |
| - Rural population | 100% |
| Density | 11 /km2 (28 /sq mi)[7] |
| Time zone | MSD (UTC+04:00)[8] |
| Established | July 15, 1929[9] |
| Official website | |
Vologodsky District (Russian: Вологодский район) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia.[1] Municipally, it is incorporated as Vologodsky Municipal District.[3] It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Ust-Kubinsky and Sokolsky Districts in the northeast, Mezhdurechensky District in the east, Gryazovetsky District in the southeast, Poshekhonsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the southwest, Sheksninsky District in the west, and Kirillovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 4,500 square kilometers (1,700 sq mi).[4] Its administrative center is the town of Vologda.[2] District's population: 50,439 (2010 Census preliminary results);[5] 50,956 (2002 Census);[6] 64,946 (1989 Census).[10] As of 2011, Vologodsky District had the largest population among all the districts of Vologda Oblast.
The town of oblast significance, Vologda is located within the limits of the district but does not belong to the district. The selo of Molochnoye, also located in the limits of the district, is administratively and municipally subordinated to the town of Vologda.
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Vologda was first mentioned in reliable sources under 1264 as a remote settlement controlled by the Novgorod Republic. Subsequently, it became an important settlement on the trade route connecting Central Russia to the Whute Sea via the Northern Dvina River, and therefore it was frequently disputed between Novgorod and the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the 15th century, it became the center of the quasi-independent Principality of Vologda, which was most of the time controlled by Moscow and which included the current area of Vologodsky District. In the 15th century, the area entered the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate. Vologda was specifically mentioned as one of the towns the governorate consisted of. In 1780, Arkhangelogorod Governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty, and in 1796 the latter was split into Arkhangelsk and Vologda Governorates. What is now Vologodsky District was then part of Vologodsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate.
On July 15, 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into Northern Krai, and the uyezds were abolished. Instead, Vologodsky District with the administrative center in the town of Vologda was established as part of Vologda Okrug. On June 20, 1932 the district was abolished. Some parts of its area were transferred to Chyobsarsky, Gryazovetsky, and Ust-Kubinsky District, and the rest was administratively subordinated to Vologda.[9]
In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. On September 1, 1938 Vologodsky District was reestablished.[9]
On July 15, 1929 Chyobsarsky District with the center in Chyobsara was established. On December 13, 1962 it was abolished and the area of the district was split between Vologodsky and Cherepovetsky Districts. On January 12, 1965 Sheksninsky District was established, which included some of the areas of the former Chyobsarsky District, including the urban-type settlement of Chyobsara.[9]
On July 15, 1929 Kubeno-Ozersky District with the center in the selo of Kubenskoye was established. On December 13, 1962 it was abolished and the area of the district was merged into Vologodsky District.[9]
The area of the district is elongated from the northwest to the southeast, and Lake Kubenskoye, one of the biggest lakes of Vologda Oblast, forms the northeastern border of the district. The lake is shared between Vologodsky and Ust-Kubensky Districts. Almost all of the area of the district belongs to the river basin of the Sukhona. In particular, the northern part drains directly to Lake Kubenskoye, the source of the Sukhona, and the southern part drains into the Vologda River, one of the major tributaries of the Sukhona. The Lezha River, another major tributary of the Sukhona, forms the southeastern border of the district, and the Sukhona itself forms the eastern border, upstream from the mouth of the Lezha.
Minor areas in the northwest of the district drain to the Sheksna River, and some areas in the south of the district drain to the Sogozha River, Both rivers are left tributaries of the Volga, and thus the divide between the basins of the White and the Caspian Seas crosses the district.
In 2011, food industry was the leading industry in the district, producing 61% of the gross product. The next important is timber industry.[11]
There is crops growing in the district, as well as production of meat, milk, and eggs. In 2011, the district produced more crops, milk, meat, and eggs, than any other district of Vologda Oblast.[11]
One of the principal highways in Russia, M8, which connects Moscow and Arkhangelsk, crosses the eastern part of the district from the south to the north. In Vologda, two more highways branch off. Another highway, A114, connecting Vologda to Cherepovets and Saint Petersburg, runs west from Vologda, and the highway connecting Vologda with the towns of Kirillov, Vytegra, and Pudozh, runs northwest along the axis of the district.
The railroad connecting Yaroslavl and Vologda crosses the district from the south to the north. In the south of the district, a railroad to Buy branches off southeast. The railroad connecting Vologda with Cherepovets and Saint Petersburg begins in Vologda and runs west through the district.
Lake Kubenskoye and the Sukhona are both navigable, as well as the Lezha and the Vologda in their lower courses, but there is no passenger navigation.
The district contains six objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law and additionally sixty-eight objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance.[12] The objects protected at the federal level are the Ethnographic Museum in Semyonkovo, the Mozhaysky Estate in Mozhayskoye (formerly Kotelnikovo), the Intercession Church in Pokrovskoye, and the Ulyanov House in Raskopino.
There are three museums in the district. The Ethnographic Museum in Semyonkovo is an open air museum which is created for preservation of traditional wooden architecture in the central and eastern parts of Vologda Oblast.[13] The former Mozhaysky Estate in the selo of Mozhayskoye is now the museum of Alexander Mozhaysky.[14] Alexander Fyodorovich Mozhaysky, a Russian aviation pioneer, who in 1884 constructed a monoplane airctaft and performed an unsuccessfull attempt to take off, lived in the estate, which belonged to his wife, between 1860 and 1863. The Vologda District Museum is located in the selo of Kubenskoye.[15]
Sergey Ilyushin, a Soviet aircraft designer and a founder of the Ilyushin Design Bureau, was born in 1894 in the village of Dilyalevo, currently in Vologodsky District.
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